Geography: The total land area of Punjab is around 50,362 sq km. The scintillating and dazzling land of Punjab extends from the latitudes 29.30-degree north to 32.32-degree north and longitudes 73.55-degree east to 76. 50-degree east. The ostensible land of five rivers is a very fertile region. It is surrounded on the west by Pakistan, on the north by Jammu and Kashmir, on the northeast by Himachal Pradesh and on the south by Haryana and Rajasthan. A belt of undulating and surging hills extends along the northeastern part of the state at the foot of the Himalayas.